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Petróleos Mexicanos, which translates as ''Mexican Petroleums'' and is trademarked and better known as Pemex ((:ˈpemeks)), is the Mexican state-owned petroleum company, created in 1938 by nationalization or expropriation of all private, foreign, and domestic companies at that time. Pemex has a total asset worth of $415.75 billion, and is the world’s second largest non-publicly listed company by total market value,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=FT Non-Public 150 - the full list )〕 and Latin America’s second largest enterprise by annual revenue as of 2009, surpassed only by Petrobras (the Brazilian National Oil Company).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=AméricaEconomía - Ránking las 500 mayores empresas de América latina )〕 The majority of its shares are not listed publicly and are under control of the Mexican government, with the value of its publicly listed shares totaling $202 billion in 2010, representing approximately one quarter of the company’s total net worth.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Eig_Article )〕 Emilio Lozoya Austin is the current CEO of Pemex. In February 2015, the board approved a $4.16 billion spending cut, pulling the company’s budget down 11.5 percent from the 2015 budget approved by Mexico’s congress. The company also said it will delay deepwater exploration plans and cut jobs in response to weak oil prices. == History == (詳細はAsphalt and pitch had been worked in Mexico since the time of the Aztecs. Small quantities of oil were first refined into kerosene around 1876 near Tampico. By 1917 commercial quantities of oil were being extracted and refined by subsidiaries of the British Pearson and American Doheny companies, and had attracted the attention of the Mexican government who then claimed all mineral rights for the state as part of its Constitution. In 1938, President Lázaro Cárdenas (1934–40) sided with oil workers striking against foreign-owned oil companies for an increase in pay and social services. On March 18, 1938, citing Article 27 of the Constitution of 1917, President Cárdenas embarked on the state-expropriation of all resources and facilities, nationalizing the United States and Anglo–Dutch operating companies, creating Pemex. He is famous in saying in his speech addressing the nation, I ask the entire Nation to furnish the necessary moral and material support to face the consequences of a decision which we, of our own free will, would neither have sought nor desired.〔Government of, Mexico. "Expropriation." In Mexico’s Oil : A Compilation of Official Documents in the Conflict of Economic Order in the Petroleum Industry, with an Introduction Summarizing Its Causes and Consequences. Vol. 3. Mexico City: Government of Mexico, 1940. 877〕 He framed expropriation as a necessary national response to the injustice of the operations of foreign companies operating on Mexican soil. Expropriation was not outright confiscation, since the Mexican government promised to compensate companies. However, in retaliation, many foreign governments closed their markets to Mexican oil. In spite of the boycott, Pemex developed into one of the largest oil companies in the world and helped Mexico become the fifth-largest oil exporter in the world. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pemex」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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